Library Sources: Part 2

UK Libraries provides access to many millions of sources that include books (ebooks and print books), databases, journals, archival works, image collections, multimedia collections, and more. In the prior section, I focused on using InfoKat to search some of these collections. In this section, I focus on a handful of the databases that UK Libraries offers.

I can only focus on a handful of databases because UK Libraries, as a major research institution and because of its large student body and wide range of majors, provides access to nearly 800 total subject databases. Many of these databases are specialized (e.g., African American and Africana Studies, Appalachian Studies) or cover a broad general research area (e.g., Chemistry, Education). But a few are designed to be super broad and function as databases of databases. I've already covered Academic Search Complete in prior sections, which is one example of a database of databases. In this section, I'll cover another one plus some citation databases.

Remember that if you have desktop Zotero plus the Zotero browser add-on installed, Zotero will automatically recognize when you have a web page open for a specific item in these databases. Thus, use Zotero when examining these databases to collect information on your Wikipedia topic.

While I will only cover a few databases in this section, I encourage you to explore others that are offered. To access the databases, you can browse the list on UK Libraries' website:

A-Z Databases

Besides browsing the A-Z Databases list, you can also search it using topical keywords, limit results to specific subject areas, and focus on database types. Like document types in the ASC database, database types indicate something about the source. Potential types include:

• Audio/Video
• Digitize primary sources
• E-book collections
• Government documents
• Image collections, and more.

Off Campus Access

Since UK Libraries subscribes to most of the databases it offers, you have to be either on campus or sign in to use these databases. If off-campus, signing happens automatically when you click on a database link on the A-Z Databases page. You will simply be prompted for your LinkBlue username and password.

You can bypass this by navigating to what's called the OpenAthens login page. OpenAthens is basically an authenticating service. The instructions to use it to login are provided by UK Libraries at Access from Off Campus.

Example Databases

In the remaining part of this section, I demonstrate a few example databases that might be of interest to you.

Factiva

Factiva is a helpful database for locating news, market, and company information. You can search against subjects, industries, within regions, and you can add other limits. There are a slew of some advanced search operators that help power up your search. You can read through the list of operators and field codes to use when searching Factiva.

We can try an example search. Let's say I'm interested in any news about Google and open source software. To search this in Factiva, I can approach the query simply, like so (being sure to wrap open source in quotes):

"open source" AND google 

This search was conducted on Aug 1, 2022, and you can see there are 4,244 results.

On the left side you can see a distribution of articles by date of publication, a list of relevant companies that appear in the documents that were retrieved, as well as lists of sources, subjects, industries, languages, regions, and so forth.

If I wanted to export any of these documents, I can click on specific check boxes and export the results in various ways, either as RTF or a PDF files, or have it email the results to me or print them. We can look at the publication data distribution and note whether there are more results on a given day than on others. This may suggest a hot news day for this particular topic and that may be something we want to explore.

Let's go back to the search builder. Say I found that the previous set of results were hit or miss and, as a result, I want to refine my search. Now I can try the adjacent operator (adj[N]). The adjacent operator tells the database to only return documents where the query terms appear within a set amount of [N] space between each other. The assumption is that the closer any terms are to each other, the more likely the document will be about those terms. For this operator, the [N] is optional and defaults to 1 if left out. Thus, if I replace the and operator with the adj5 operator, I ask Factiva to return documents where the term open source is within five words of the term Google:

"open source" adj5 google

You can see that the results are much different than the previous one. Here I only have 205 results. The list of companies have also changed. If we investigate any of these documents, you can confirm that our two terms, which are highlighted in the results, appear within five words of each other in all the results.

As stated, there are many operators in Factiva besides adj[N]. At that link, you can see that the standard Boolean operators are available: and, or, not. There are more proximity and other operators. In the following examples, x and y represent search terms:

• x w/N y
  • Like the adj operator, but the value of N is required: "open source" w/5 google
• x same y
  • terms must appear in same paragraph: "open source" same google
• x near[N] y
  • like adj but bi-directional (either search term may precede the other in the results): "open source" near5 google
• x /fN/
  • x must be found in the first N words of the document: google/F100/
• atleastN x
  • the search term must appear at least N times in document: atleast5 google and "open source"

Remember that you can create an account for Factiva if you want to save or export your searches. Zotero is also capable of extracting bibliographic information from Factiva and will recognize that a source document is, for example, a news article or like.

Web of Science

Web of Science (WoS) is an abstract & indexing citation database. This means that the database does not directly provide full text access but it does link to UK Library when full text is available for results. It will also link to items in Google Scholar. As a citation database, it provides the number of citations each result has received, and this is a way to find additional relevant documents.

The Core Collection is the default collection/database. This is Web of Sciences' main database and includes coverage of the sciences, the arts, and the humanities. WoS offers other databases that mostly cover the sciences, and you can search all of those databases at the same time, but it's often better to focus on the core collection when starting.

Let's try a search. We can try our open source and Google search, as seen in Figure 3:

I can keep the default field search set to All Fields, or focus on other fields, like Topic, which searches titles, abstracts, and keywords.

As of August 1, 2022, this query retrieves 1,134 results. Let's say that my search is a bit too broad still, and I want to refine my query to narrow my results. Just like in Factiva, WoS offers a proximity operator called NEAR. Let's try it out with the following query on the WoS advanced search page:

Now there are only 9 results, and if I examine the title, abstract, or keywords for the results, I'll see that the term "google" is placed within five words of the term "open source". If I want to really narrow down my search, I can change the field to Title only.

The default results list is to show articles that are published more recently. I can change this default sorting method so that WoS sorts based on sources that have the highest citations first. Once I do this, I can go to the right side, and look at the Times Cited link and see which articles have been cited the most. This is what makes WoS a citation database. We don't have to use WoS as a citation database, but this is what separates WoS from many other scholarly databases.

Theoretically, each one of these citing articles should be related to the article that is cited by them. I can then peruse these citing articles to help me find even more relevant sources of information.

Instead of basic search, we can search by author, cited reference, and more. If you click on the big question mark button in WoS, you'll find a guide on how to use WoS. The guide includes some tips on the use of various search operators, including the NEAR operator as well as the Boolean operators.

Web of Science doesn't offer direct access to content, but notice that there is this Full Text @ W. T. Young link at the bottom of some records in the search results. This is only available when I'm on campus or logged in logged into UK Libraries. This link is connected to InfoKat, which knows that if the article is available, InfoKat can retrieve it. If not, then we can request it through interlibrary loan. Also, in some cases there's also a link to look up the full text in Google Scholar if the source is freely available on the web (this is usually called open access).

Like InfoKat, Web of Science now offers AI capabilities that they call Smart Search, illustrated in Figure 8 below. Unlike InfoKat, the results from Smart Search do not provide a textual overview of the results. However, the main advantage of Smart Search is that it enhances natural language queries. Therefore, use Smart Search to ask research questions like you would of any AI chatbot.

Remember that you can create an account for WoS if you want to save your searches or create folders (called Marked Lists) in WoS. Although the vendor that provides WoS is also the same vendor that provides the EndNote reference manager, Zotero is also capable of extracting bibliographic information here.

JSTOR

JSTOR is multi-disciplinary database. Like other databases, you can limit results by Item Type, Language, Publication Date, subject area, and more. JSTOR also provides proximity search using the NEAR operator.

JSTOR covers subjects such as:

• Arts
• Business & Economics
• History
• Medicine & Allied Health
• Science & Mathematics
• Security studies
• Social Sciences, and more.

Each of these subject areas includes access to many journal titles, and therefore, many journal articles. JSTOR has long focused on back issues of journals, but in recent years has made moves to include current literature and open access content (this is content that is freely available). The content in JSTOR is high quality, peer-reviewed work, which makes JSTOR a great place to gather documents on a topic that you want to research in-depth. My "open source" and google query for Images returns 26 results.

JSTOR also includes ARTSTOR, which is located in the JSTOR images search above. ARTSTOR is database of art and multimedia objects, much of which is also available as open access.

Again, remember that if you have desktop Zotero plus the Zotero browser add-on installed, Zotero will automatically recognize when you have a web page open for a specific item in in JSTOR. Thus, you can use Zotero with JSTOR to collect information on your Wikipedia topic.

Conclusion

We covered InfoKat in the previous section and here we covered Factiva, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and JSTOR. Factiva is a general-interest news database; WoS and Google Scholar are both citation, scholarly databases (I'll cover Google Scholar in the next lesson); and JSTOR is a scholarly and image database.

Remember that these represent only a select few of the databases offered through the library, and you are encouraged to peruse and find so much more.

In the next section, we begin to cover web sources.